Posted on Jul 10, 2009 08:34:08 AM | _ NASA's New Moon Missions | 17 Comments
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Lunar scientist Barbara Cohen explains how our moon functions very much like a planet.You've all probably heard about the International Astronomical Union (IAU) decision to define a planet -- probably because it clarified that there is a big belt of icy objects out beyond the orbit of Neptune, and we now know that Pluto is one of thousands of them. The IAU definition also excludes moons from being planets. But did you know our moon functions like a planet? It has a lot to teach us about how planets form and evolve.
Solar system rendering of the eight planets. (Image credit: Koolang Astronomical
Observatory and Science Display Center)
View more blog imagesLike the Earth, our moon has a crust, a mantle and a core. These interior layers we think are present on most planets, even if the crust is made of rock or ice. Mars probably has a crust, mantle, and core, and so do Venus and Mercury. The rocks we brought back from the moon from the Apollo missions helped us learn that this process of forming internal layers, or differentiation, is a common process on all planets. So when the moon formed, it formed like a planet.
Another hallmark of planets is that they have active geology. The big, dark splotches you see on the moon’s surface are lava flows. Yes, there were active volcanoes on the moon. There aren’t any volcanic cones, because the lava was very fluid and flowed out through cracks and into low-lying areas. The Apollo samples contain small beads of volcanic glass that tell us there were giant fire-fountains on the moon too. Though volcanic activity on the moon ended about 3 billion years ago, the Apollo missions picked up thousands of earthquakes on the moon, or moonquakes. Moonquakes tell us that the moon is not geologically dead. It's still acting like a planet today.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. (Image credit: Photo Credit: National Park Service)My favorite part about planets is their impact craters, formed when asteroids or comets whizz into our part of space and collide. When you look at the moon, you can see that it preserves many impact craters on it for researchers like me to study. Did you know that all the craters you see on the moon (and there are hundreds of thousands of them!) had counterparts on the Earth at one point? We don't see many impact craters on Earth today because the Earth's crust continually renews itself and erases old rocks and formations. No one rock on Earth is older than 4 billion years. The Earth definitely got beat up by impacts from comets and asteroids in its past -- and that record is preserved for us to study on the moon.
For me, the best thing about the moon is that it may not be defined as a planet, but it definitely acts like one. Studying the moon allows us to learn about how all planets work. And because the moon is ancient, it's like a time capsule back into the early days of our solar system. But, I also love that the moon looks so beautiful reflecting sunlight to us on dark nights and I can't wait to get more information from our two lunar missions. Godspeed LRO and LCROSS!
Tags : LCROSS, LCROSS Observation Campaign, LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft and Centaur, LRO, moon, moonquake, planet
17 comments so far ( Post your own )
- 17
On Oct 05, 2009 01:58:51 PM
guest
wrote:
if part of what defines a planet is layers, what about the gas giants?
- 16 On Sep 18, 2009 10:08:16 AM Rajkiran wrote:
Nice blog! moon is a hanging solid ball in space!
its nice to study it.......
see you later, I want to ask something spacial about Moon!
I'm student of geology...
Thanks!- 15 On Sep 04, 2009 11:02:58 AM guest wrote:
is pluto is asteroid now?
- 14 On Aug 25, 2009 06:44:08 PM Kiana and grace wrote:
we were wondering if the moon was a planet or not.
we were also wondering if pluto was a planet because people cant seem to make up their minds.
if you dont know, where can we find out?
thanks, grace and kiana- 13 On Jul 20, 2009 02:54:03 PM suzie wrote:
Beautiful photos and such an adventure, the solar system is mindblowing! enjoy the trip x
- 12 On Jul 14, 2009 06:15:43 PM John B. wrote:
It seems certain the Moon is gravitationally bond to the Earth for the foreseeable future. Only an outside force (ref.: Newton) is likely to separate the two. Our best guess is that is how the Moon was created.
The formation of the Moon may well have help make an environment stable enough for life to take hold and develop on our planet. The gravitational bond between the Earth and the Moon has helped to stabilize the tilt of the Earth's axis and keep the planet's climate stable moderate.
This has made the Moon an integral and vital component of the Earth. It is one part of a larger interdependent system. The Moon was formed from the Earth and the Earth is dependent on the Moons presence. Maybe the definition of planet will one day include such multiple object systems as a single entity.- 11 On Jul 14, 2009 08:41:04 AM meb wrote:
Hi Rick,
There is no way for us to know if the Moon never had an atmosphere or life millions of years ago, though I agree, it probably never will in the future. And theories are just guesses, not necessarily correct and not proof of anything. But even if the Moon were formed as a result of this collision, there still could have been an atmosphere and life on it in its earlier existence. I think knowing that major fundamental physical properties of the present Moon are like those of the present Earth adds vital information to our understanding of its origin.- 10 On Jul 13, 2009 05:20:08 PM guest wrote:
Hi,
To suggest the Moon and Earth are alike is complete rubbish. One of the latest theories, is that the Earth and a Mars sized planet collided early in the formation of the Solar System, and the remains coalesced to form the Moon. This aside, the Moon has never had an atmosphere or life, and never will. It also moves away from Earth at approx. 3cm every year, and eventually will no longer orbit Earth. Then maybe, when it orbits the Sun on its own, we can call it a dwarf planet? We wont be around to see it though............
Rick- 9 On Jul 12, 2009 08:35:55 AM CM Levin wrote:
As an amateur astronomer, I've always found the Moon to be one of the first places I look at, & it never fails to deliver both familiar old vistas & new questions. I have a few thoughts on your post:
- While there aren't peaks like Mount Saint Helens or Vesuvius, what about the domes, which are like the Hawaiian Islands & other shield volcanos? What about TLPs in addition to Moonquakes?
- The Moon & the Earth are a double planet. Pluto & Charon aside, no other world & its satellite are so comparable in diameter. Many years ago, Isaac Asimov pointed out that in the "tug of war" between the Earth & the Sun on the Moon, the Sun is the winner, as opposed to the tugs of war between the other worlds & the Sun on their satellites.
- The LRO pictures of the surface look great-keep them coming!- 8 On Jul 11, 2009 04:23:54 PM meb wrote:
Decades ago a spiritual master in India said that our Moon is a cooled down planet, specifically, a cooled down Earth ... that it had been like our Earth. I have always wondered what a study would reveal looking at the Moon from this perspective. Looks like I am about to find out. Exciting.
- 7 On Jul 10, 2009 01:10:22 PM guest wrote:
No offense to the International Astronomical Union (IAU), but if they can't get it right in this star system we're going to be challenged to define the rest of the Universe. I can buy the idea that the Moon has some of the same properties that some planets do, but a cat having four legs and a tail does not make it a dog. If Earth were an 8-foot ball, its moon would only be a 2-foot ball. As much as I would like to believe that we live in a binary planetary system, the center of rotation for the orbits is still within the surface of Earth, clearly indicating our Moon's status as an attached orbiting satellite. Earth's evolution does indeed depend on tidal effects which have indeed shaped the surface of our planet, but the exact degree of this dependence on our moon can only be guesswork. If I were to describe a true binary planetary system, it would be Pluto and its companion Charon. In short, I think there will be many moons in the solar system - especially around Jupiter and Saturn, which resemble Earth more than the planets they orbit. But as simple as it is, we should define planets as primary objects in orbit of a star once it is proven they are not comets or asteroids. This is a complication, perhaps, when defining objects beyond the PLANET Pluto, so perhaps a third exclusion should be developed for objects in the Oort Cloud/Kuiper Belt but within the shock wave of the heliosphere.
- 6 On Jul 10, 2009 01:02:28 PM guest wrote:
Those photos are not to scale -_-
- 5 On Jul 10, 2009 12:14:24 AM Luiz wrote:
I�m fascinated by astronomy!!! And the informations I read here were very helpful!!!
- 4 On Jul 10, 2009 11:42:29 AM guest wrote:
What a great article! I thought the moon was just a dead rock similar to Mars' moons (or maybe I'm wrong about them too). Very cool that there are still moonquakes going on, shows it's still alive.
- 3 On Jul 10, 2009 11:42:48 AM Alberto Fern�ndez wrote:
All this is allready info fo the LRO LCROSS Mission?
Sweet!!!! > I saw the Launch :D- 2 On Jul 10, 2009 11:46:14 AM Solar Wave wrote:
Though I probably won't be able to see anything but a small cloud. (If even that.) I will definetly be waiting with my scope pointed towards the moon this august.
Lucky are those whom job it is to get up every morning and go to work looking at the moon. Sooooo jealous... =D- 1 On Jul 10, 2009 12:03:22 AM Nick wrote:
Very cool. I had no idea the moon was so much like Earth. It makes me wonder, though, how come we've named the moons of the other planets, but ours is just "the moon?" Now that we know it acts like a planet, let's call it something!
- 16 On Sep 18, 2009 10:08:16 AM Rajkiran wrote:
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