Mar. 29, 2019 – Satellite Finds Tropical Cyclone Joaninha Slammed by Wind Shear
One day makes a big difference when you’re a tropical cyclone. On March 28, Tropical Cyclone Joaninha still maintained an eye, and on March 29, once outside winds ramped up, the storm weakened quickly. NOAA’s NOAA-20 satellite provided an image of the storm that showed a large area of thunderstorms were pushed away from the center.
On March 29, 2019 at 11 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC), Joaninha’s maximum sustained winds dropped to 65 knots. It was centered near 23.6 degrees south latitude and 68.6 degrees east longitude. That’s approximately 655 nautical miles east-southeast of Port Louis, Mauritius. Joaninha was moving to the southeast.
When NOAA’s NASA-20 satellite passed over Tropical Cyclone Joaninha on March 29 at 5:24 a.m. EDT (0924 UTC) the VIIRS instrument aboard captured a visible image of the storm. Satellite imagery showed struggling central deep convection (rising air that condenses into clouds and thunderstorms that make up a tropical cyclone) being pushed away from the low level circulation center to the east.
In general, wind shear is a measure of how the speed and direction of winds change with altitude. Tropical cyclones are like rotating cylinders of winds. Each level needs to be stacked on top each other vertically in order for the storm to maintain strength or intensify. Wind shear occurs when winds at different levels of the atmosphere push against the rotating cylinder of winds, weakening the rotation by pushing it apart at different levels.
Increasing westerly vertical wind shear above 30 knots continues to affect the system’s structure, leading to rapid weakening. That wind shear is forecast to increase, according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center or JTWC. In addition, Joaninha is expected to move into sea surface temperatures cooler than the 80 degree Fahrenheit (26.6 degree Celsius) threshold needed to maintain a storm. Between the increasing wind shear and cooler waters, Joaninha is expected to continue to weaken.
JTWC also noted that within three days, “the cyclone will begin to transition from a tropical to subtropical storm with expansive, asymmetric, gale force wind radii as it merges with a cutoff low pressure area.”
By Rob Gutro
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center