December 20, 2018 – NASA-NOAA Satellite Catches the Eye of Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclone Cilida
Tropical Cyclone Cilida appeared much more organized on satellite imagery as it moved across the southwestern Indian Ocean and continued to rapidly intensify. NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite captured a visible image of Cilida that showed a cloud-covered eye.
On Dec. 20, the VIIRS instrument aboard NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite captured a visible image of Tropical Cyclone Cilida in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar (left in the image). Credit: NASA Worldview, Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)
On Dec. 20, 2018 the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite showed a powerful thunderstorms circling Cilida’s 18 nautical mile wide eye and extending in bands northwest and southeast of the center. The VIIRS imagery revealed a cloud-covered eye as the storm reached hurricane-strength.
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that Cilida had intensified rapidly, by 55 knots (63 mph/102 kph) in 24 hours. Rapid intensification is expected to continue in the near term as warm sea surface temperatures and light outside winds remain. However, Cilida is expected to run into increasing vertical wind shear (which can weaken a storm) ahead of a developing mid-latitude trough or elongated area of low pressure.
On Dec. 20 at 10 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC) Cilida’s maximum sustained winds had reached 90 knots (103.6 mph/166.7 kph). Cilida is currently a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. It was located near 13.4 degrees south latitude and 58.9 degrees east longitude, approximately 427 nautical miles north-northeast of Port Louis, Mauritius. Cilida was moving southwestward and was undergoing rapid intensification.
Cilida is expected to pass to the east of Mauritius over Dec. 22 and 23 as it curves toward the southeast. In three to five days, Cilida is expected to undergo extratropical transition as it merges with the trough of low pressure.
December 19, 2018 – NASA Analyzes Newly Formed Tropical Cyclone Cilida
An infrared look by NASA’s Aqua satellite revealed where the strongest storms were located within recently formed Tropical Cyclone Cilida. Cilida formed in the Southern Indian Ocean on Dec. 18.
On Dec. 19 at 4:35 a.m. EDT (0935 UTC) the AIRS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite analyzed cloud top temperatures of Tropical Cyclone Cilida in infrared light. AIRS found cloud top temperatures of strongest thunderstorms were south of the center. Coldest temperatures were as cold as or colder than minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 53 degrees Celsius). Credit: NRL/NASA
On Dec. 19 at 4:35 a.m. EDT (0935 UTC) the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder or AIRS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite analyzed cloud top temperatures of Tropical Cyclone Cilida in infrared light. AIRS found cloud top temperatures of strongest thunderstorms were south of the center. Coldest temperatures were as cold as or colder than minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 53 degrees Celsius). Cloud top temperatures that cold indicate strong storms that have the capability to create heavy rain.
Satellite imagery shows a consolidating system with a weak and partially exposed low level circulation. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that “fragmented formative rain bands are spiraling in mostly from the east.”
On Dec. 19 at 10 a.m. EST (1500 UTC), the center of Tropical Cyclone Cilida was located near latitude 11.6 degrees south and longitude 60.6 degrees east. That’s about 544 nautical miles north-northeast of Port Louis, Mauritius. Cilida is moving to the south-southwest. Maximum sustained winds were near 35 knots (40 mph/65 kph).
Threatened landmasses include St. Brandon, Mauritius, and Rodrigues Island as Cilida is forecast to move southwest, and later southeast as it strengthens to 95 knots (109 mph/175 kph) after 4 days. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center expects Cilida to pass to the east of Mauritius on Dec. 22.
December 19, 2018 – NASA Finds Extreme Rainfall in Tropical Cyclone Kenanga
NASA found very cold cloud top temperatures within the Southern Indian Ocean’s Tropical Cyclone Kenanga that indicate powerful thunderstorms reaching high into the troposphere. Those storms were generating very heavy rainfall as confirmed by the Global Precipitation Measurement mission or GPM core satellite.
On Dec. 18, the GPM satellite found extreme rainfall in Kenanga’s well-defined circular eyewall. Heaviest rainfall was found by GPM in the tropical cyclone’s southeastern quadrant, falling at a rate of over 161 mm (6.3 inches) per hour on that side of the tropical cyclone. Credit: NASA/JAXA, Hal Pierce
On December 18, 2018 at 10:04 a.m. EST (1504 UTC) the GPM core observatory satellite flew above powerful Tropical Cyclone Kenanga in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Tropical Cyclone Kenanga’s most distinctive feature was its large eye. At the time of the GPM pass Kenanga’s maximum sustained wind speeds were about 90 knots (104 mph).
At NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, an analysis of the tropical cyclone’s rainfall was derived from data collected by GPM’s Microwave Imager (GMI) and GPM’s Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) instruments. GPM clearly showed the extreme rainfall in Kenanga’s well-defined circular eyewall. The heaviest rainfall was found by GPM in the tropical cyclone’s southeastern quadrant. GPM’s radar (DPR Ku Band) measured precipitation there falling at a rate of over 161 mm (6.3 inches) per hour on that side of the tropical cyclone.
On Dec. 19 at 2:53 a.m. EST (0753 UTC) the AIRS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite captured temperature data from Tropical Cyclone Kenanga, using infrared light. The most powerful storms, with coldest cloud top temperatures appeared in purple around the eye. Credit: NASA/JPL, Heidar Thrastarson
A 3-D view of the storm was created at Goddard that showed the estimated relative heights of storms within tropical cyclone Kenanga. Those heights are based on measurements by the GPM satellite’s radar (DPR Ku Band) blended with estimates from Japan’s HIMAWARI-8 satellite’s infrared temperatures. GPM’s radar probes of Kenanga’s eastern side indicated that storm tops in that part of the tropical cyclone were reaching heights above 12.2 km (7.6 miles). GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA.
On Dec. 19 at 2:53 a.m. EST (0753 UTC) the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder or AIRS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite captured temperature data from Tropical Cyclone Kenanga, using infrared light. The most powerful storms, with coldest cloud top temperatures appeared around the eye and were colder than minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 53 degrees Celsius). Satellite data showed that the eye is about 25 nautical miles in diameter and that the southern side of the storm appeared to be elongating, a sign of weakening.
On Dec. 18, the GPM satellite found extreme rainfall in Kenanga’s well-defined circular eyewall. Heaviest rainfall was found by GPM in the tropical cyclone’s southeastern quadrant, falling at a rate of over 161 mm (6.3 inches) per hour on that side of the tropical cyclone. GPM’s radar probes of Kenanga’s eastern side indicated that storm tops in that part of the tropical cyclone were reaching heights above 12.2 km (7.6 miles). Credit: NASA/JAXA, Hal Pierce
On Dec. 19 at 10 a.m. EST (1500 UTC), Kenanga’s wind speeds peaked at about 115 knots (132 mph/213 kph). It was centered near 16.6 degrees south latitude and 82.1 degrees east longitude. That’s approximately 805 nautical miles southeast of Diego Garcia. Kenanga has tracked southwestward.
Kenanga is now expected to gradually weaken as the tropical cyclone moves toward the southwest over progressively cooler sea surface temperature.
December 18, 2018 – NASA-NOAA Satellite Tracking Tropical Cyclone Kenanga
Tropical Cyclone Kenanga was at hurricane-force when NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite grabbed a visible image of the storm in the Southern Indian Ocean on Dec. 18.
On Dec. 18 the VIIRS instrument aboard NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite captured a visible image of Tropical Cyclone Kenanga moving through the Southern Indian Ocean. Credit: NASA Worldview, Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)
On Dec. 18, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite captured visible image of Tropical Cyclone Kenanga in the Southern Indian Ocean. The image showed the eye was covered by high clouds and was surrounded by bands of powerful thunderstorms. The image appeared like a backwards comma, with a large, thick band of thunderstorms extending from the southern quadrant to the east.
The VIIRS image was created at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, using NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Worldview. The Worldview application provides the capability to interactively browse over 700 global, full-resolution satellite imagery layers and then download the underlying data. Many of the available imagery layers are updated within three hours of observation, essentially showing the entire Earth as it looks “right now.”
At 10 a.m. EST (1500 UTC) the eye of Tropical Cyclone Kenanga was located near latitude 14.8 degrees south and longitude 83.7 degrees east. That’s about 805 miles southeast of Diego Garcia. Kenanga was moving southwest. Maximum sustained winds were near 90 knots (103.6 mph/166.7 kph) and Kenanga is expected to strengthen slightly before embarking on a weakening trend on Dec. 20.
December 17, 2018 – NASA’s Aqua and GPM Satellites Examine Tropical Cyclone Kenanga
On December 16 and 17, NASA’s GPM core observatory satellite and NASA’s Aqua satellite, respectively, passed over the Southern Indian Ocean and captured rainfall and temperature data on Tropical Cyclone Kenanga.
The GPM core satellite found that a powerful storm northeast of Kenanga’s center of circulation was dropping rain at a rate of over 119 mm (4.7 inches) per hour. Credit: NASA /JAXA, Hal Pierce
Kenanga formed on Dec. 15 about 1,116 miles east of Diego Garcia, and strengthened into a tropical storm.
When the Global Precipitation Measurement mission or GPM core satellite passed overhead, the rainfall rates it gathered were derived from the satellite’s Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument. GPM provided a close-up analysis of rainfall around tropical cyclone Kenanga. Data from GPM’s microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) were used in this analysis. DPR found that a powerful storm northeast of Kenanga’s center of circulation was dropping rain at a rate of over 119 mm (4.7 inches) per hour.
At NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, imagery and animations were created using GPM data. A 3-D animation used GPM’s radar to show the structure of precipitation within tropical Cyclone Kenanga. The simulated flyby around Kenanga showed storm tops that were reaching heights above 13.5 km (8.4 miles). GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA.
On Dec. 17 at 3:05 a.m. EST (0805 UTC), NASA’s Aqua satellite provided an infrared look at Tropical Cyclone Kenanga. Coldest cloud top temperatures (in purple) indicated where strongest storms appeared. Credit: NASA JPL/Heidar Thrastarson
On Dec. 17 at 3:05 a.m. EST (0805 UTC), the AIRS or Atmospheric Infrared Sounder instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite provided an infrared look at Tropical Cyclone Kenanga. Coldest cloud top temperatures were near 63 degrees Fahrenheit (53 degrees Celsius) and indicated where strongest storms appeared. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center or JTWC noted “animated enhanced infrared satellite imagery depicts a central dense overcast feature with a formative eye. Another image shows a compact system with curved banding wrapping into an oblong microwave eye feature.”
On Dec. 17 at 10 a.m. EST (1500 UTC), maximum sustained winds were near 60 knots. Kenanga was centered near 12.8 degrees south latitude and 86.0 degrees east longitude, approximately 885 nautical miles east-southeast of Diego Garcia. Kenanga has tracked west-southwestward.
A 3-D animation used GPM’s radar to show the structure of precipitation within tropical cyclone Kenanga. This simulated flyby around Kenanga shows storm tops that were reaching heights above 13.5 km (8.4 miles). The GPM core satellite found that a powerful storm northeast of Kenanga’s center of circulation was dropping rain at a rate of over 119 mm (4.7 inches) per hour. Credit: NASA /JAXA, Hal Pierce
JTWC forecasters expect Kenanga to continue strengthening for the next two days and then conditions will deteriorate. After three days the storm is forecast to begin weakening as it interacts with cooler, drier air.
December 17, 2018 – NASA Catches India Landfall of Tropical Depression Phethai
NASA’s Aqua satellite passed over the Northwestern Indian Ocean and captured a visible image of Tropical Depression Phethai after it made landfall in southeastern India.
On Dec. 17 at 3:20 a.m. EST (0820 UTC) the MODIS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite looked at Tropical Depression Phethai after it made landfall south of Visakhapatnam in southeastern India. Credit: NASA/NRL
Phethai developed on Dec. 15 as tropical cyclone 08B, about 450 miles south-southeast of Visakhapatnam, India. Phethai made landfall early on Dec. 17 south of the city of Visakhapatnam, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, on the Bay of Bengal.
On Dec. 17 at 3:20 a.m. EST (0820 UTC) the MODIS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite looked at Tropical Depression Phethai after it made landfall south of Visakhapatnam. Satellite imagery showed that the bulk of clouds and showers were north and east of the center of circulation indicating that wind shear was affecting the storm.
In general, wind shear is a measure of how the speed and direction of winds change with altitude. Wind shear can tear a tropical cyclone apart or weaken it.
On Dec. 17 at 10 a.m. EST (1500 UTC) the Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that Phethai had maximum sustained winds near 30 knots (34.5 mph/55.5 kph). It was centered near 17.7 degrees north latitude and 82.4 east longitude, about 65 nautical miles west-southwest of Visakhapatnam, India. Phethai has tracked northward.
Phethai is forecast to move on a north-northeasterly track over land and rapidly weaken.
December 17, 2018 – NASA Finds Tiny Remnants of Tropical Cyclone Owen
Tropical Cyclone Owen crossed over Queensland Australia’s Cape York Peninsula over the weekend of Dec. 15 and 16 and emerged into the Coral Sea off of Queensland’s southeastern coast. NASA’s Terra satellite provided an infrared image of the remnants and found two very small areas of strong thunderstorms.
NASA’s Terra satellite captured an infrared image of the remnants of Tropical Cyclone Owen on Dec. 17 at 7:35 a.m. EST (1235 UTC). The image revealed two very small patches of strong thunderstorms where cloud top temperatures were as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 53 Celsius). Credit: NASA/NRL
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument aboard NASA’s Terra satellite captured an infrared image of the remnants of Tropical Cyclone Owen on Dec. 17 at 7:35 a.m. EST (1235 UTC). The image revealed a very small patch of strong thunderstorms where cloud top temperatures were as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 53 Celsius).
Infrared data provides temperature information. That small patch of strongest thunderstorms had cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 53 Celsius). NASA research has shown that cloud tops with temperatures that cold were high in the troposphere and have the ability to generate heavy rain.
Owen’s remnants are expected to dissipate within a day or two.
December 14, 2018 – NASA-NOAA’s Satellite Tracks a Stronger Tropical Cyclone Owen Nearing Landfall
Tropical Cyclone Owen continued to strengthen as it moved east through the Gulf of Carpentaria and toward a landfall in western Queensland, Australia. NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite provided a visible image of the storm.
NASA-NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite passed over the Southern Pacific Ocean and captured a visible image of Tropical Cyclone Owen moving through Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria. Credit: NASA/NOAA/NRL
On Dec. 14, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology or ABM posted a warning zone that includes coastal and adjacent inland areas between Karumba and Cape Keerweer, including Kowanyama, Pormpuraaw, Croydon and Palmerville.
Suomi NPP passed over Owen on Dec. 14 at 4:42 UTC (Dec. 13 at 11:42 p.m. EDT) the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument provided a visible image. VIIRS showed the center was surrounded by powerful storms. Clouds and storms from Owen’s eastern side stretched over Queensland.
At 10 p.m. AEST (local time, Queensland) or 7 a.m. EST, Owen was a Category 3 storm with maximum sustained winds near the center of 120 kilometers (75 miles) per hour. It was located near 15.3 degrees south and 140.6 degrees east, estimated to be 120 kilometers west southwest of Pormpuraaw and 160 kilometers (99 miles) north northwest of Gilbert River Mouth. Owen is moving east at 31 kph (19 mph).
ABM said “Severe tropical cyclone Owen is expected to continue shifting eastwards into the early hours of Saturday as a low end Category 3 system. Owen is forecast to make landfall about the southeast Gulf of Carpentaria coast, between Gilbert River Mouth and Pormpuraaw, in the very early hours of Saturday, Dec. 15.”
December 13, 2018 – NASA’s GPM Observes Heavy Rainfall in Intensifying Tropical Cyclone Owen
As expected, tropical cyclone Owen recently intensified as it moved over the Gulf of Carpentaria and NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s GPM core satellite found very heavy rainfall occurring within the revived storm. The storm has made a U-turn in the Gulf and is now headed back to Queensland.
On December 12, 2018 at 0047 UTC (Dec. 11 at 7:47 p.m. EST) GPM found extremely heavy rainfall was occurring in the Arafura Sea well to the northwest of Owen’s center of circulation, falling at a rate of over 97 mm (3.8 inches) per hour. West of Owen’s center, rainfall was occurring at a rate as high as 40 mm (1.5 inches) per hour. Credit: NASA/JAXA, Hal Pierce
The Gulf of Carpentaria is located between Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia.
On December 12, 2018 at 0047 UTC (Dec. 11 at 7:47 p.m. EST) Owen’s maximum sustained winds had increased to about 55 knots (63 mph) when the Global Precipitation Measurement mission or GPM core observatory satellite scanned the western side of the tropical cyclone. This wind speed meant that Owen’s intensity had reached the equivalent of a strong tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.
GPM’s Microwave Imager (GMI) and GPM’s Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) instruments collected data showing that extremely heavy rainfall was occurring in the Arafura
On December 12, 2018 at 0047 UTC (Dec. 11 at 7:47 p.m. EST) GPM found extremely heavy rainfall was occurring in the Arafura Sea well to the northwest of Owen’s center of circulation, falling at a rate of over 97 mm (3.8 inches) per hour. West of Owen’s center, rainfall was occurring at a rate as high as 40 mm (1.5 inches) per hour. This animation shows the location and intensity of rainfall within the area scanned by the GPM satellite’s GMI and DPR instruments. Credit: NASA/JAXA, Hal Pierce
Sea well to the northwest of Owen’s center of circulation. GPM’s GMI indicated that rain in that area was falling at a rate of over 97 mm (3.8 inches) per hour. West of Owen’s center, rainfall was occurring at a rate as high as 40 mm (1.5 inches) per hour.
At NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, a 3-D view was created using GPM data. The 3-D view was created using data from the GPM satellite’s Radar (DPR Ku Band) and showed the precipitation structure in storms north of Australia’s Northern Territory. Those powerful convective storms in the Arafura Sea were found by DPR to reach extraordinary heights above 17 km (10.54 miles). The extremely heavy downpours in those storms were returning radar reflectivity values higher than 60 dBZ to the GPM satellite.
On Dec. 13, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology or ABM noted that “Severe Tropical Cyclone Owen has started moving eastwards back over the Gulf of Carpentaria and will continue to strengthen as it moves east.” Warnings have been dropped from Port Roper to Port McArthur now that the storm has turned back toward the east. Eastern Northern Territory and western Queensland now have all the warning and watches. ABM said the Warning Zone includes Port McArthur in the Northern Territory, to Aurukun in Queensland, including Mornington Island, Karumba, Kowanyama and Pormpuraaw. The Watch Zone extends inland from Karumba to Aurukun as far as Georgetown, Chillagoe and Coen, Queensland.
On Dec. 13 at 9:30 p.m. ACST local time (6:30 a.m. EST) ABM noted that Owen was considered locally as a category 3 storm (a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) with maximum sustained winds near the center at 87 mph (140 kilometers) per hour. Owen was centered near 15.1 degrees south latitude and 136.9 degrees east longitude, about 53 mph (85 km) northeast of Port McArthur and is moving east.
ABM said “Owen is likely to continue to develop further over the next 24 hours as it continues to move east into the central Gulf of Carpentaria and through a more favorable environment. Severe Tropical Cyclone Owen may reach Category 4 intensity early Friday.
A coastal crossing along the southeast Gulf of Carpentaria coast between Gilbert River Mouth to Pormpuraaw later Friday or early Saturday is likely, and there is a chance it crosses the coast as a category 4 system.
The ABM forecast calls for Owen to make landfall along the southeast Gulf of Carpentaria coast between Gilbert River Mouth to Pormpuraaw later Friday [Dec. 14] or early Saturday [Dec. 15], western Queensland, Australia.
December 12, 2018 – NASA Examines Reborn Tropical Cyclone Owen’s Temperatures
An infrared look by NASA’s Aqua satellite found intense storms around the center of the recently revived Tropical Cyclone Owen.
On Dec. 12 at 0429 UTC, AIRS found cloud top temperatures of strongest thunderstorms in several area around the center. Those temperatures were as cold as or colder than minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 62.2 degrees Celsius). They were embedded in a large area where cloud top temperatures were as cold as or colder than minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 56.6 degrees Celsius). Cloud top temperatures that cold indicate strong storms that have the capability to create heavy rain. Credit: NASA JPL/Heidar Thrastarson
On Dec. 12, Tropical Cyclone Owen was intensifying in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria, south of Groote Eylandt. Owen is expected to move slowly overnight and be close to the Northern Territory coast and destructive winds are possible along the coast.
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology or ABM posted warnings and watches. The Warning Zone includes Alyangula in the Northern Territory, to Burketown in Queensland, including Groote Eylandt, Borroloola, Mornington Island. The Watch Zone includes Burketown to Aurukun and adjacent inland areas including Pormpuraaw, Kowanyama and Karumba.
On Dec. 12 at 0429 UTC (Dec. 11 at 11:29 p.m. EST) the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder or AIRS instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite analyzed cloud top temperatures in infrared light. AIRS found cloud top temperatures of strongest thunderstorms in several area around the center. Those temperatures were as cold as or colder than minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 62.2 degrees Celsius). They were embedded in a large area where cloud top temperatures were as cold as or colder than minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 56.6 degrees Celsius). Cloud top temperatures that cold indicate strong storms that have the capability to create heavy rain.
At 12:30 a.m. ACST local time on Dec. 13 in Queensland (10 a.m. EST, Dec. 12), Owen had sustained winds near 110 kilometers (68 miles) per hour. It was centered near 15.0 degrees South and 136.4 degrees East. That’s about 105 kilometers (71 miles) south of Groote Eylandt.
On Dec. 12 Tropical Cyclone Owen is located over the southwestern Gulf of Carpentaria and is moving slowly. ABM noted “Owen will continue to move slowly overnight before tracking towards the east, back towards the Queensland coast during Thursday. If Owen tracks more towards the south or west early Thursday morning, it may be located close to the coast between Port Roper and Port McArthur before commencing its eastward track during Thursday. Owen may reach category 3 intensity early Thursday morning. A coastal crossing along the southeast Gulf of Carpentaria coast between Karumba to Pormpuraaw later Friday {Dec. 14] is likely.”
